Financial Strategies of Blackmore Company Sample for Students

Question: Give a Breif Introduction of Blackmore Company. Answer: Presentation of Blackmores Company Blackmores is one of the main common wellbeing organizations that are situated in Australia (Blackmores.com 2017). The Founder of Blackmores, Maurice Blackmore was enthusiastic seeing regular wellbeing just as used to move individuals for taking control and commit in their government assistance. Blackmores offers items just as administrations that welcome normal way to deal with prosperity on the information in minerals, herbs, supplements and nutrients. Budgetary Strategies of Blackmores Company From the yearly report on Blackmores in Australia, it very well may be noticed that Directors reports an expansion in deals that adds up to $341.4 Million as it is checked on by the inspector (Blackmores.com 2017). Blackmores in Australia had engaged with utilization of different monetary procedures for increasing proceeded with deals development in and over the portions that prompts operational influence just as advancing the conveyance of given key needs (Pratt 2013). Blackmores in Australia utilizes different systems and a portion of these are as per the following: Buyer Centricity-Blackmores significantly trusts in supporting the Australia business just as improving the network to clients through development of computerized nearness (Henderson et al. 2015). Development Blackmores made procedure for expanding the degree of interest in and over the district with the goal that they bring manageable proceeding with broadening for the Group in general (Blackmores.com 2017). Item Leadership-Blackmores puts stock in utilizing the information with the goal that they drive item initiative just as development so as to get perceived as Authoritative Voice in Natural Health (Hoskin, Fizzell and Cherry 2014). Operational Effectiveness-Blackmores trusts in improving the operational viability just as utilizing the size into scale (Deegan 2013). Blackmores in Australia deals for the year 2016 was $237.6 Million with 73% expansion in the EBIT (Blackmores.com 2017). For the nation Australia, Blackmores works best for the improving the presentation as it reflects solid associations with the retail accomplices just as concentrating on shopper availability all in all. Blackmores monetary record shows a sound budgetary circumstance with a money conversion scale at 112%, working capital at $46 Million just as working income at $60 Million in the wake of contrasting with the past time. Net obligation shows positive income at $23 million with a net mindfulness spread with multiple times in contrast with multiple times as it was recorded in the past period. This organization has high introduction in Asia balance as it has the conceivable crash of the more vulnerable Australian dollar for making the acquisition of crude materials that underpins $0.5 Million net advantage on remote trade (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). References Blackmores.com. 2017.Blackmores nutrients and enhancements Australia's generally trusted. [online] Available at: https://www.blackmores.com [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Deegan, C., 2013. Money related bookkeeping hypothesis. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. what's more, Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in budgetary bookkeeping. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. what's more, Cherry, D.C., 2014. Budgetary Accounting: a client point of view. Wiley Global Education. Pratt, J., 2013. Money related bookkeeping in a monetary setting. Wiley Global Education. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. what's more, Francis, J., 2013. Budgetary bookkeeping: a prologue to ideas, strategies and employments. Cengage Learning.

Communication Technology And Its Impact On Social Interaction Research Paper

Correspondence Technology And Its Impact On Social Interaction - Research Paper Example Workers burned through the greater part of their occasions on PCs utilizing messages to pass data from one section to the next, instead of with their kindred partners. With the worry of social government assistance inside a work field, correspondence innovation has prompted poor correspondence inside the laborers. Notwithstanding this decrease of eye to eye social cooperation, the degree of social help and conviction additionally goes down. As the outcome, it prompts an exceedingly poor specialist to-laborer relationships.3 This is on the grounds that the vast majority incline toward utilizing messages on their PCs instead of up close and personal correspondence. Long range interpersonal communication locales, for example, MySpace, Twitter and Facebook, have assumed control over person to person communication ventures for as far back as hardly any years. Both youthful and elderly individuals have become prisoners of this bubonic plague utilized contrastingly by individuals to fulfill their requirements. A few people use them as publicizing destinations, staying in contact with companions and family members and refreshing others on what is happening in others brains to help connect with general society. Indeed, we are the individuals from these person to person communication destinations, and we can not run from reality. What concerns individuals most is simply the manner in which this destinations have associated with the utilization of messages. It is clear that even this destinations use email to help arrive at their recipient, and they additionally have their pages that can be accesed through Emails. With the destinations, through either messages or data showed in the messages, one has no chance to get of affirming that the data posted on their dividers is off base. This is on the grounds that people post what is in their psyches. These presents are open on be seen by the entirety of the individuals one gets to know. The data posted may paint either a negati ve or positive... This paper focuses on that dispersion development is hypothetical point of view that centers around the selection of new thoughts, practices and innovations. As per Rogers, observation about the traits can encourage the rate at which another thought is received. To be explicit, development is embraced by individuals with positive personalities on the off chance that they accept that they offer a favorable position over what exists; on the off chance that they are good with the potential users’ existing qualities, experience, and needs; on the off chance that they are seen as being genuinely straightforward and use; if clients can attempt them before they resolve to buy; if clients can without much of a stretch watch their utilization. Correspondence channels possibly become successful on the off chance that they are productive and pass on various sort of data, for example, visual, verbal and non-verbal. This paper makes an end that as the innovation transforms, it makes a more noteworthy significance of work information. Networks face differing encounters. Innovation has without a doubt formed the social cooperations of individuals. In this way, it is valuable on the off chance that we keep ourselves refreshed with the signs about the social cooperations and make chances to interface with others, as well. This is on the grounds that the world is dynamic and we need to stay up with it. It will be acceptable in the event that we attempt to take a gander at both positive and negative impacts of what we do over those social destinations, particularly through the utilization of messages, and spotlight on how innovation influences us an entire since the innovation can slaughter or assemble individuals’ pride at work environments or some other spot.

Using Social Media Platforms As A Job-Hunting Tool

Using Social Media Platforms As A Job-Hunting Tool Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Using Social Media Platforms As A Job-Hunting ToolUpdated On 09/01/2016Author : HBB Guest AuthorTopic : Social MediaShort URL : http://hbb.me/1OaYxzA CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogSocial Media has become a big part of our lives. Every day we send out millions of tweets to our friends and celebrities, post to Facebook walls and share photos of things we are about to eat, ensuring we are connected with the world on a constant basis.But what about using that constant as a tool in your job-hunting journey? Think about it, businesses will want to be heard â€" whether it’s about products they sell, events they will be involved with and, of course, vacancies that they will require filling.There are three social media platforms which it is useful to be signed up to when it comes to looking for a job, as you’ll find businesses with a presence on there as well:LinkedIn â €" an all-round resource for companies and staff to network, useful for building a profile of yourself and your skill set to be searched by potential recruiters.For many businesses, this is the ideal platform for showcasing their products and achievements, but they may also have vacancy sections where the latest job opportunities will be posted.If you can’t find vacancies on their page it can still be worth dropping your CV over to a head of department by searching for details in their ‘contact info’ tab.Twitter â€" many businesses will have a Twitter account for announcing promotions and new products. So while it’s a great medium for finding out about the latest offers in your local coffee house it can also be a fantastic tool for finding job opportunities.Recruitment companies will also have a presence to attract potential clients. It can be worth following a few of these, especially those which focus on specific locations, so it can be worth looking local in these instanc es.Facebook â€" companies reach out to customers and clients using Facebook, usually to announce competitions or to gather opinion about specific products directly from a customer point of view.READ5 Social Media Predictions For 2013Some will even have vacancy announcements on their walls, or have specific sections of their page where they will list vacancies, as well as that all-important contact information for where to send your CV.When setting up an account on Facebook or LinkedIn it’s important to remain professional in order to give a good impression to potential employers, especially as we live in times where people can be found through Google searches.Same with Twitter, having a personal account with a witty username is fine, but try and tailor a more professional username based on your name for the purposes of jobhunting.For keeping up to date with your tweets while you’re spending time searching for vacancies it can be worth making use of a desktop application such as Hootsuite or Tweetdeck, these allow you to sort tweets into groups â€" such as from certain usernames or hashtags (try using variations of #jobs or #careers combined with sectors during your search.Hopefully the above guide will help you gain some new inspiration with searching for your next job and youll be able to embrace the powers of social media. If youve found our guide helpful, please leave a comment below.

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty

The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, is the lawful imposition of death as punishment for a crime. In 2004 four (China, Iran, Vietnam, and the US) accounted for 97 percent of all global executions. On average, every 9-10 days a government in the United States executes a prisoner. It is the Eighth Amendment, the constitutional clause that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, that is at the center of the debate about capital punishment in America. Although most Americans support capital punishment under some circumstances, according to Gallup support for capital punishment has dropped dramatically from a high of 80 percent in 1994 to about 60 percent today. Facts and Figures Red state executions per million population are an order of magnitude greater than blue state executions (46.4 v 4.5). Blacks are executed at a rate significantly disproportionate to their share of the overall population. Based on 2000 data, Texas ranked 13th in the country in violent crime and 17th in murders per 100,000 citizens. However, Texas leads the nation in death penalty convictions and executions. Since the 1976 Supreme Court decision that reinstated the death penalty in the United States, the governments of the United States had executed 1,136, as of December 2008. The 1,000th execution, North Carolinas Kenneth Boyd, occurred in December 2005. There were 42 executions in 2007. Death Row More than 3,300 prisoners were serving death-row sentences in the US in December 2008. Nationwide, juries are delivering fewer death sentences: since the late 1990s, they have dropped 50 percent. The violent crime rate has also dropped dramatically since the mid-90s, reaching the lowest level ever recorded in 2005. Latest Developments In 2007, the Death Penalty Information Center released a report, â€Å"A Crisis of Confidence: Americans’ Doubts About the Death Penalty.† The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty should reflect the conscience of the community, and that its application should be measured against societys evolving standards of decency. This latest report suggests that 60 percent of Americans do not believe that the death penalty is a deterrent to murder. Moreover, almost 40 percent believe that their moral beliefs would disqualify them from serving on a capital case. And when asked whether they prefer the death penalty or life in prison without parole as punishment for murder, the respondents were split: 47 percent death penalty, 43 percent prison, 10 percent unsure. Interestingly, 75 percent believe that a higher degree of proof is required in a capital case than in a prison as punishment case. (poll margin of error /- ~3%) In addition, since 1973 more than 120 people have had their death row convictions overturned. DNA testing has resulted in 200 non-capital cases to be overturned since 1989. Mistakes like these shake public confidence in the capital punishment system. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that almost 60 percent of those polled—including almost 60 percent of the southerners—in this study believe that the United States should impose a moratorium on the death penalty. An ad hoc moratorium is almost in place. After the 1,000th execution in December 2005, there were almost no executions in 2006 or the first five months of 2007. History Executions as a form of punishment date to at least the 18th century BC. In America, Captain George Kendall was executed in 1608 in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia; he was accused of being a spy for Spain. In 1612, Virginia death penalty violations included what modern citizens would consider minor violations: stealing grapes, killing chickens and trading with Indians. In the 1800s, abolitionists took up the cause of capital punishment, relying in part on Cesare Beccarias 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment. From the 1920s-1940s, criminologists argued that the death penalty was a necessary and preventative social measure. The 1930s, also marked by the Depression, saw more executions than any other decade in our history. From the 1950s-1960s, public sentiment turned against capital punishment, and the number executed plummeted. In 1958, the Supreme Court ruled in Trop v. Dulles that the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standard of decency that marked the progress of a maturing society. And according to Gallup, public support reached an all-time low of 42 percent in 1966. Two 1968 cases caused the nation to rethink its capital punishment law. In U.S. v. Jackson, the Supreme Court ruled that requiring that the death penalty be imposed only upon recommendation of a jury was unconstitutional because it encouraged defendants to plead guilty to avoid trial. In Witherspoon v. Illinois, the Court ruled on juror selection; having a reservation was insufficient cause for dismissal in a capital case. In June 1972, the Supreme Court (5-4) effectively voided death penalty statutes in 40 states and commuted the sentences of 629 death row inmates. In Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment with sentencing discretion was cruel and unusual and thus violated the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. In 1976, the Court ruled that capital punishment itself was constitutional while holding that new death penalty laws in Florida, Georgia and Texas—which included sentencing guidelines, bifurcated trials, and automatic appellate review—were constitutional. A ten-year moratorium on executions that had begun with the Jackson and Witherspoon ended on 17 January 1977 with the execution of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. Deterrence There are two common arguments in support of capital punishment: that of deterrence and that of retribution. According to Gallup, most Americans believe that the death penalty is a deterrent to homicide, which helps them justify their support for capital punishment. Other Gallup research suggests that most Americans would not support capital punishment if it did not deter murder. Does capital punishment deter violent crimes? In other words, will a potential murderer consider the possibility that they might be convicted and face the death penalty before committing murder? The answer appears to be no. Social scientists have mined empirical data searching for the definitive answer on deterrence since the early 20th century. And most deterrence research has found that the death penalty has virtually the same effect as long imprisonment on homicide rates. Studies suggesting otherwise (notably, writings of Isaac Ehrlich from the 1970s) have been, in general, criticized for methodological errors. Ehrlichs work was also criticized by the National Academy of Sciences - but it is still cited as a rationale for deterrence. A 1995 survey of police chiefs and country sheriffs found that most ranked the death penalty last in a list of six options that might deter violent crime. Their top two picks? Reducing drug abuse and fostering an economy that provides more jobs. Data on murder rates  seem to discredit the deterrence theory as well. The region of the county with the greatest number of executions—the South—is the region with the largest murder rates. For 2007, the average murder rate in states with the death penalty was 5.5; the average murder rate of the 14 states without the death penalty was 3.1. Thus deterrence, which is offered as a reason to support capital punishment (pro), doesnt wash. Retribution In Gregg v Georgia, the Supreme Court wrote that [t]he instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man... The theory of retribution rests, in part, on the Old Testament and its call for an eye for an eye. Proponents of retribution argue that the punishment must fit the crime. According to The New American: Punishment—sometimes called retribution—is the main reason for imposing the death penalty. Opponents of retribution theory believe in the sanctity of life and often argue that it is just as wrong for society to kill as it is for an individual to kill. Others argue that what drives American support for capital punishment is the impermanent emotion of outrage. Certainly, emotion not reason seems to be the key behind support for capital punishment. Costs Some supporters of the death penalty also contend it is less expensive than a life sentence. Nevertheless, at least 47 states do have life sentences without the possibility of parole. Of those, at least 18 have no possibility of parole. And according to the ACLU: The most comprehensive death penalty study in the country found that the death penalty costs North Carolina $2.16 million more per execution than a non-death penalty murder case with a sentence of life imprisonment (Duke University, May 1993). In its review of death penalty expenses, the State of Kansas concluded that capital cases are 70% more expensive than comparable non-death penalty cases. Conclusion More than 1000 religious leaders  have written an open letter to America and its leaders: We join with many Americans in questioning the need for the death penalty in our modern society and in challenging the effectiveness of this punishment, which has consistently been shown to be ineffective, unfair, and inaccurate...With the prosecution of even a single capital case costing millions of dollars, the cost of executing 1,000 people has easily risen to billions of dollars. In light of the serious economic challenges that our country faces today, the valuable resources that are expended to carry out death sentences would be better spent investing in programs that work to prevent crime, such as improving education, providing services to those with mental illness, and putting more law enforcement officers on our streets. We should make sure that money is spent to improve life, not destroy it...As people of faith, we take this opportunity to reaffirm our opposition to the death penalty and to express our belief in the sacredness of human life and in the human capacity for chan ge. In 2005, Congress considered the Streamlined Procedures Act (SPA), which would have amended the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). AEDPA placed restrictions on the power of federal courts to grant writs of habeas corpus to state prisoners. The SPA would have imposed additional limits on the ability of state inmates to challenge the constitutionality of their imprisonment through habeas corpus.

Different Approaches For Preparing Children - 1513 Words

Different Approaches for Preparing Children As far as time goes back, there has always been differences within cultures. From the different kinds of foods we enjoy to how we like to spend our past times. A main culture difference within the world of today is how we choose to raise our children. A Yale law professor under the name of Amy Chua has written a bestselling book called â€Å"Battle Hymm of the Tiger Mother.† Her book includes detailed descriptions on her reasons why Chinese mothers are superior and follows it up with the strict rules she lies on her children. Some of those include not being able to attend a sleep over, have a playdate, watch TV, play computer games and get any grade less than an A. She then uses the rest of her paper to talk about the differences between Chinese parenting and Western parenting. Chua was unknown to most of the world until her piece was published in the Wall Street Journal, which caused a big stir within the world. Many readers were ta ken back by her piece of writing, but others appraised her for shutting down the trend of parents trying to be best friends with their children. The main differences between Western and Chinese parenting is the different approaches to parenting, preparation to be competitive in the future market, and the amount of controversies between the two styles. As you all know, Chinese parenting and Western parenting come with some very key differences between each other. When it comes to the academic sides of bothShow MoreRelatedTeaching Students : The Basal Reading Approach, And Technology Based Approach821 Words   |  4 Pagesa variety of approaches teaching students to read, such as: the basal reading approach, literature based instruction approach, integrated language art approach, language instruction approach, and technology based approach. Which approach or combination of them a teacher will use in the classroom depends on the teacher’s beliefs and students’ needs. It is not easy to find out which approach would work best for each child; the teacher’s responsibility is to find alternative approaches to help eachRead MoreInternational Perspectives on Early Childhood Education1070 Words   |  4 Pagessystem to the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum of the United Kingdom. The essay will include reflection upon the similarities and differences of these approaches upon my settings practice. Today’s society has recognised that significant investment in early year’s provision has valuable long term effects on young children, families and the wider community. Cited in (Papatheodorou and Moyles, p1) As a result government intervention has increased as policy makers attempt to raiseRead MoreEvaluation Of A Classroom At The School Age Child s Theory Of Mind Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolves repeating the information to herself. Additionally, language expertise predicts the development of rehearsal in the early grade school years, perhaps because a clear vocabulary size and ability to automatically name items is required for children to use the strategy (Berk, 437, 5). In an educational setting, teachers can encourage students to try this strategy to prepare for assessments! Teachers can play a huge role in promoting this effective strategy to the class in order for the studentsRead MoreWhy Is Phonics Instruction An Integral Part Of The Balanced Literacy Program?1273 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Explain what is meant by â€Å"Explicit† and â€Å"Implicit phonics† instruction. There are several approaches to teach children to read. Explicit Phonic Instruction is build from part to whole; children first receive instruction of the letters with associated sounds, and after they learn how to blend sounds into the syllables and into the words. Implicit Phonics Instructions moves from the whole to the smallest parts: first, students are analyzing words and looking for common phonemes in a groupRead MoreThe Theme Chosen To Form The Basis Of The Mtp Is Healthy1604 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of food and culture. Incorporated in the MTP are the creative approaches that can be adopted to support and enhance the thinking and learning of children in a Year 3 classroom. The creative approaches will be evaluated by making detailed connections with statutory and non – statutory curriculum guidance. The lessons in the MTP all have the potential to be taught using creative approaches. Furthermore, the creative approaches are both learner and teacher â€⠀œ centred methods which provide opportunitiesRead MoreIntegrating Technology Within The Classroom928 Words   |  4 Pageslonger responsible for teaching the ‘traditional’ reading, writing, and arithmetic pedagogy of the past. In respect, students are no longer viewed in the same ‘blank slates,’ but as collaborators in their learning. This collaboration is effective in preparing students for the job market of the future, in which these technologies will be ever present and constantly changing. In the 21st century, teachers and students have access to a constantly evolving series of technologies which has facilitated a continuedRead MoreMy Dream Of Being A Primary School Teacher938 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching children gives me endless satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. I realised the importance of the role when my son started school 20 years ago. Every parent wants their children to achieve their potential, and this motivated me to start my career as a teacher. I have much practical experience of working with children between the ages of 3-11 years, and I have worked with children from different ethnic minority backgrounds. Over fourteen years of experience in teaching and supportingRead MoreEducation For The Collaborative Global Innovation Age1069 Words   |  5 PagesReframing education for the collaborative global innovation age seeks to build a better future by improving not only academic achievement but also educating children in a way that prepares stude nts on how to live a practical and fulfilling life. Fischetti’s, J.C (2014) article, ‘The Rubber Duckies Are Here: Five Trends Affecting Public Education Around the World’ (2014), presents ideas about the many issues in public education and how it is crucial to move forward out of this poor way of teachingRead MoreWhat Values From Traditional And Progressive Philosophies Complement Each Other868 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge? There are four identifiable philosophies that answer these questions: Traditional, Progressive, Existential and Critical Theory. However, they are often taken to the absolute and extreme. I firmly believe that taking both the main valued approaches from the Traditional and Progressive Philosophies provides strong disciplinary focuses and knowledge integration. The combination of the two philosophies allows for a positive insight to all educational philosophies. Keeping the mind open to theseRead MoreManagement Of International Mobility1352 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of ‘soft skills’ and ‘hard skills’ mixture for a successful assignment. (Sparrow, Brewster and Harris, 2004; Morley and Flynn, 2003) A MNC has many choices regarding their staffing policies when recruiting for assignments; these come under different forms depending on the company’s preferences in terms of skills. †¢ Ethnocentric approach- Using Home country staff †¢ Polycentric approach- Using Host country staff †¢ Geocentric approach- Using staff from any parts of the world (Pelmutters, 1969)

Sample Last Will and Testament Including Spendthrift...

LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF EMMY H. JOHNSON I, EMMY H. JOHNSON, of Columbus, County of Franklin, state of Ohio, make this my Last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all earlier wills and codicils. ARTICLE I I direct that all of my funeral expenses and the cost of the administration of my estate be paid out of my residuary estate as soon as practicable after my death. ARTICLE II I give, devise, and bequeath one million two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($1,250,000) in government issued bonds to my niece, SUSAN B. JOHNSON, if she is living on the thirtieth day after my death. ARTICLE III If my niece, SUSAN B. JOHNSON, is not living on the thirtieth day after my death, I give and devise her share of my estate,†¦show more content†¦No interest of the beneficiary under the trust shall be subject to the claims of creditors or other persons, nor to any bankruptcy proceeding, nor to any other liabilities or obligations of the beneficiary. ARTICLE VII If my nephew, THOMAS G. JOHNSON, is not living on the thirtieth day after my death, I give and devise his share of my estate, to his issues in equal shares per stirpes. ARTICLE VIII I nominate and appoint my attorney, ROBERT J. SCHELL, as executor of this will. If he shall fail to qualify or cease to serve, I nominate and appoint my brother, RALPH P. JOHNSON, to serve as executor in his place. ARTICLE IX I direct that any executor be exempt from giving surety on his or her official bond. I, the undersigned testator, do hereby declare that I sign and execute this instrument as my last will, that I sign it willingly in the presence of each of said witnesses, and that I execute it as my free and voluntary act for the purposes herein expressed, this 17th day of June, 2013. /s/_Emmy H. Johnson______ Emmy H. Johnson We, the undersigned witnesses, each do hereby declare in the presence of the aforesaid testator that the testator signed and executed this instrument as her last will in the presence of eachShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesthey will find this edition at least slightly less faulty. I am very grateful to Dr (now Professor) E.N. Emenanjá » , Mr (now Dr) P.A. Anagbogu, and to Miss Helen Joe Okeke and Miss Ifeoma Okoye, students of Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri, for last-minute [sic] help on the grammatical section of the introduction; and to the late Mr A.E. Ahunanya, Mrs Dorothy Njoku, and Miss Mercy Harry for their care over the typing. Kay Williamson Port Harcourt December, 1983 iii Igbo Dictionary: KayWilliamson

Societal and Political Determinant of Reform - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Societal and Political Determinant of Reform. Answer: Introduction The concept of gender equality and women empowerment has been globally adopted by the organizations over industries with a view to provide the women equal opportunity to compete in the male dominated society. The goal of the concept is to strengthen the power of women, especially in the economic field that will help in eradicating poverty in the countries (bh.undp.org 2017). Bahrain is one of the countries who have recently adopted steps for fighting the issues that were being faced by the women in the society to get out of their houses and take part in the mainstream economy to compete the men. Bahrain is located in Middle East, where women are strongly dominated by their male counter parts of the society in the name of religion (bh.undp.org 2017). The policies implemented by UNDP in the past decades to fight the stereotypic mentality and exploring the potential of women reflect some positive outcome (bh.undp.org 2017). The following report will identify the impact of gender equalit y and women empowerment in the banking sector of Bahrain. The research proposal identifies the aims and objectives of the research along with a brief idea on the topic through the study of existing literatures. This proposal also communicates the methodologies incorporated for the completion of the research and the time required. Research Aim The primary aim of the research is to identify the link between gender equality and women empowerment in relation to the banking sector of Bahrain. The research further seeks clarification on the implementation of gender equality and women empowerment in the sector and identifies the way women are treated in this sector. Research Objectives To identify the link between gender equality and women empowerment in relation to the banking sector of Bahrain To identify the reality in the banking industry for Bahrain To identify the extent of implementation of the mentioned concepts in the industry. Research Question How women are treated in the banking sector of Bahrain? How gender equality and women empowerment is perceived in the banking sector of Bahrain? To what extent the gender equality is visible in the industry? Literature Review It was the feminists of 80s and 90s who popularized the concept of women empowerment and gender equality around the globe (Cornwall and Rivas 2015). According to Cornwall and Rivas (2015) the topic was in the lime light at the end of 20th century and received acceptance around industry. Industries were in the front row to embrace the concept (Cornwall and Rivas 2015). However, the current situation in the business world reflects different scenario than the stated (Cornwall and Rivas 2015). A transformation in the frame and policies is necessary for attaining the global gender justice. Al Gharaibeh (2011) focused on the concept in relation to Bahrain, a small Arabian Gulf country that received its freedom from Britain in 1971. The modern independent government of Bahrain sought to exploit the women capital of the country for attaining economic, social, and political benefits (Al Gharaibeh 2011). However, gender discrimination and male dominance was deeply embedded in the society and c ulture of the people of Bahrain. Hence, the realities came out to be different than the one stated in the legislation of the country (Al Gharaibeh 2011). The author also highlighted that though women gained access to the public sphere, they are largely discriminated on the basis of their cultural and social norms stated by their early ancestors. Karolak (2013) on the other hand reviewed the legislation of Bahrain. His findings stated that the government of Bahrain strongly supports the idea of gender equality. However, the study at the same time reflects the absence of any directly stated law for holding the interest of the women in the workplace. This led to the workplace discrimination for the women as they are paid considerably less than their male counterparts are. Karloks study identified that the women on an average receives about 76% of the salary compared to the male for similar position. Kemp, Madsen and Davis (2015) in their study compared women leadership accross countries in the Arabian Gulf. The results of their reports reflect that the women participation of in the economic fields are significantly low in the countries like Kingdom of Bahrain. Moreover, leaders in business organizations hold their cultural point of view and reflects negative attitude for the womens economic participation (Kemp, Madsen and Davis 2015). Naturally, the authors found even less number of women in the authoritative positions in these business organizations of Bahrain in exchange of a significant amount of struggles they face in everyday operation. Similar study conducted by Pillai, Prasad and Thomas (2011) represents a high level of discrimination in the industries of Bahrain regardless of the educational qualification the women held. The women are provided ample opportunities to enter the economic sphere of the country. However, they are likely to face a number of hurdles in the path of getting appraisal and claim for the higher position in ht organization. Gender prejudiced discrimination against the women restricts them from climbing up the corporate ladder in the kingdom of Bahrain. Al-Ghazali, Yusoff and Sadi (2013) took a different approach and studied women entrepreneurs of Bahrain and compared them with the male entrepreneurs to identify the motivations and barriers that the women face. The results clearly state that economic growth works as the primary motivation for the women in setting up their own business. This is evidenced in both the cases of male and female entrepreneurs of the country (Al-Ghazali, Yusoff and Sadi 2013). However, the barriers that work against women are primarily societal. The male dominated society of Bahrain constantly de-motivates the women and makes them doubt their own capabilities in the process country (Al-Ghazali, Yusoff and Sadi 2013). Moreover, they lack of information on the market, due to the lack of support received from the government in the process of data accumulation. This restricts them to explore the market information required to thrive in the market. Kauser and Tlaiss (2011) conducted a multidimensional study on the women of the Middle East Islamic countries that includes the women in the Kingdom of Bahrain. They found that the growth of the employed women in this particular segment of world is considerably slow reflecting a growth of 2% from 1990 to 2004 (Kauser and Tlaiss 2011). They further identified that women employment is restricted particularly in the service sector. The report further highlights the fact that the women in Bahrain and other Middle East countries make up the most of the labour force in the service industries despite similar education they receive as the men. The number of women in higher authority is significantly low (Kauser and Tlaiss 2011). Men employees are given priority despite of their educational qualification when compared to the women employees (Kauser and Tlaiss 2011). Another study The impact of gender, family, and work on the career advancement of Lebanese women managers by Tlaiss and Kauser ( 2011) identified that women over industries in Middle East Islamic countries including Bahrain are paid less compared to their male colleagues. The women interviewed by the authors do not perceive the factors such as family responsibilities as obstacles to their carrier progression but blames the gender discrimination. They could easily manage both their professional and family simultaneously. Male with less educational qualification in these countries are paid more in comparison with female employees until date, which is because of gender inequality. Literature gap The above very short and brief provides a glimpse about women in Bahrain find strong barriers in their economic life due to the absence of direct law safeguarding their interest. This leads to the discrimination based on the sex of an employee in the workplace. They face challenges in surviving and getting promotion in their workplace (Karolak 2013). Moreover, there is a considerable gap in the literary work that has been conducted on the Bahraini banking sector in relation to gender equality and women empowerment, because most of the publications around this topic are from Middle East. Hence, there is ample scope to conduct research on the banking sector of Bahrain and identify the kinds of hurdles the women have to face for surviving and climbing up the ladder in the sector. Research Hypothesis H0 The women in banking organizations in Bahrain are equally treated compared to their male counterpart. H1 Women are provided less importance and advantage in the banking compared to the male. Research Methodology Research design is the overall structure of a report. It can communicate the complete procedure of the research conducted. Six different layers come together to formulate a research design, where each of the layers communicates different methodologies incorporated for the completion of the report (Sekaram and Bougie 2016). Figure 1: Research Onion (Adopted from Sekaram and Bougie 2016) Research Philosophy Four different philosophies inform the reader about the mode of data collection, analysis, and utilization for the particular report. They are realism, interpretivism, positivism, and post-positivism (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). Philosophy incorporated for this research is positivism as it helps in uncovering the truth on a particular topic by accumulating knowledge. That in this case will help in understanding the link between gender equality and women empowerment in relation with the banking sector of Bahrain and its impact on the industry. Figure 2: Research Philosophy (Adopted from Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015) Research Approach Two types of research approaches can possibly be taken for the completion of a research - the inductive and deductive approach. An inductive approach is required when the research conducted for proposing new theory on the concept being study. Whereas, the deductive approach is taken into consideration to fulfil the need of validating the existing theory (Waltman et al. 2012). This research aims to identify the link between the gender equality and women empowerment in relation to the banking sector of Bahrain. Moreover, the focus will be given on the change that is visible due to the implementation of the mentioned concepts. Hence, the deductive approach will come in handy for fulfilment of the need of validation. Figure 3: Research Approach (Adopted from Waltman et al. 2012) Data Collection and Analysis Both primary and secondary data will be utilized for the completion of the report due to the limited access for in-depth field research in the industry. Moreover, this research will also consider qualitative and quantitative data collection for understanding the topic and its impact on the organizations. Hence, as narrated by Palinkas et al. (2015) mixed method will be incorporated to extract complete data on gender equality and women empowerment in the organizations of Bahrain. The quantitative data will be collected using questionnaires, which will be distributed to the respondents for providing their opinion. This is referred as closed ended interview. Qualitative data on the other hand will be collected using open ended questions. Here the respondent will be provided scope for expressing their view regarding the issue. The administrative authority of the banking organizations will be interviewed with the open ended questions for gaining deeper insight. The analysis requires a number of analytical tools. The regression tool will be helpful in analyzing the quantitative data, whereas, the qualitative data will be analyzed using pattern identification (Cameron and Trivedi 2013). The concluding tool that is required is the hypothesis testing. This helps in identifying the relation between the variables identified in the research. Sampling Random sampling method will be utilized in this research as it is free from biasness of the researcher (Levy and Lemeshow 2013). The sample for data collection in this case is randomly selected out of the target population. Hence, this will provide authentic data for the research. A sample of five banking organizations in Bahrain will be selected using random sampling technique for this research. Ethical Consideration It is important in any research to safeguard the interest of the respondents. Endangering the respondent by exposing their comment in the research will be a direct violation of the research ethics (Miller et al. 2012). Hence, it is important to maintain secrecy regarding the names of the respondents. However, this may include the job title of the respondent. Time Schedule Main activities/ stages Month November 2017 Month December 2017 Month January 2018 Month February 2018 Month March 2018 Month April 2018 Selection of topic Constructing the research layout Literature review Selection of Appropriate Research Techniques Development of research Plan Collecting data from secondary sources Primary data collection Analysis Interpretation of Data which are collected Conclusion Development of Draft Final Work submission References Al Gharaibeh, F., 2011. Women's empowerment in Bahrain.Journal of International Women's Studies,12(3), p.96. Al-Ghazali, B.M., Yusoff, R.M. and Sadi, M.A., 2013. Women Entrepreneurs in Bahrain: Motivations and Barriers.Sains Humanika,64(2). bh.undp.org. 2017.Women's Empowerment. [online] Available at: https://www.bh.undp.org/content/bahrain/en/home/ourwork/womenempowerment/overview.html [Accessed 11 Dec. 2017]. Cameron, A.C. and Trivedi, P.K., 2013.Regression analysis of count data(Vol. 53). Cambridge university press. Cornwall, A. and Rivas, A.M., 2015. From gender equality and womens empowermentto global justice: reclaiming a transformative agenda for gender and development.Third World Quarterly,36(2), pp.396-415. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative methods in business research: A practical guide to social research. Sage. Karolak, M., 2013. Between Womens Empowerment and Emancipation.. Societal and Political Determinants of Reforms in the Kingdom of Bahrain.Arabian Humanities. Revue internationale darchologie et de sciences sociales sur la pninsule Arabique/International Journal of Archaeology and Social Sciences in the Arabian Peninsula, (1). Kauser, S. and Tlaiss, H., 2011. The Arab women manager: participation, barriers, and future prospects.Journal of International Business and Economy,12(1), pp.35-56. Kemp, L.J., Madsen, S.R. and Davis, J., 2015. Women in business leadership: A comparative Study of countries in the Gulf Arab states.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,15(2), pp.215-233. Levy, P.S. and Lemeshow, S., 2013.Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley Sons. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., 2012.Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation Pillai, K.R., Prasad, S. and Thomas, J., 2011. Why do women still experience downward gravitation in the corporate ladder? A close look at glass ceiling in Bahrain.Research Practice in Human Resource Management,19(1), p.1. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Tlaiss, H. and Kauser, S., 2011. The impact of gender, family, and work on the career advancement of Lebanese women managers.Gender in Management: An International Journal,26(1), pp.8-36. Waltman, L., Calero?Medina, C., Kosten, J., Noyons, E., Tijssen, R.J., Eck, N.J., Leeuwen, T.N., Raan, A.F., Visser, M.S. and Wouters, P., 2012. The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012: Data collection, indicators, and interpretation.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,63(12), pp.2419-2432.

Chapter 16 Review Flashcard

Chapter 16 Review

The 2000 Presidential Election Essays - Al Gore, Free Essays

The 2000 Presidential Election Essays - Al Gore, Free Essays The 2000 Presidential Election Every four years it takes place. Us Americans do it. People fought hard for us to have this right. What is it? It's the right to vote. This year happens to be the year of the 2000 presidential election. With what could be the closest election in the history of the United States there are many issues that surround the election. Us Americans are going to vote for whomever we think is going to do the best job of solving these issues. However, before we get to the issues we must first get to the two presidential hopefuls that have a chance to win. The two presidential hopefuls that have a chance to win are Al Gore and George W. Bush. George W. Bush as opposed to Al Gore has an advantage of having experience as the governor of Texas in which he has won four times consecutively. Al Gore has the experience of serving on The United States Senate, The United States Congress, and as being the vice president under the best president in recent years, Bill Clinton. Gore's work experience will outweigh Bush's governor ship for the one with the most experience but it should not have a significant effect in the election. Both presidential hopefuls are well educated. The both have degrees from Harvard. Bush also has a degree from Yale. Who is the most educated of the two is not going to be a deciding factor in the election either. Politics has run in both of these men's families. Al Gore was born on March 31, 1948, and is the son of former United States senator Albert Gore Sr. Where as George W. Bush is two years older at the age of 54 and son of former United States President, George W. Bush. Both Candidates are quite comparable with their histories though Al Gore has a slight advantage in experience because he served in the senate the congress and, as vice president, but this will not be the deciding factor in the election. What could help the presidents get more votes, are their running mates. Joseph Leiberman Al Gore's running mate is Joseph Lieberman. Joseph Leiberman has served on the United States Senate for the last twelve years. In his twelve years in the senate, Lieberman has fought for working families. He has been a leader in winning passage of landmark environmental protection, welfare reform, and governmental reform laws.1 Lieberman brings a strong surge with him to the Al Gore campaign because [he] has been fighting for working families and standing up to special interests through out a 30 year career in public service.1 This will stand well in the back of voter's minds when they step into that voter's booth on November 7. Even though Al Gore did a great job Picking his running mate George Bush didn't do such a bad job himself. Dick Cheney George W. Bush choose Dick Cheney to be his running mate. Cheney has a lot of experience in politics around the White House. He began his public service in 1969 when he became part of the Nixon administration in which he worked at a number of positions from the cost of living council to being with-in the White House. From the Nixon Administration Cheney moved up to be the White House chief of staff when Gerald Ford became president in August of 1974. Cheney held the position of chief of staff until the end of the Ford administration and then moved on to serve as his states only congressmen. Yet he had major accomplishments his greatest accomplishment was when America needed him the most. As secretary of defense from March 1989 to January of 1993, Mr. Cheney directed two of the largest campaigns in recent history, Operation Just Cause and Operation Desert Storm which gave him recognition as shaping the future of the United States military in an age profound and rapid change. 2Though C haney did a good job as Chief of staff his addition to the Bush campaign nor Al Gore's Addition of Joseph Lieberman is going to have a traumatic effect in the way voters vote. The things that will have an impact on the way voters

India as Emerging Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

India as Emerging Market - Essay Example The preamble of Indian Constitution declares India as sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic and importantly promises social, economic and political justice. Therefore, India is constitutionally a modern social democratic state with a strong emphasis given to ‘socialistic pattern of development’ (Basu, 1994). The Directive Principles of State Policy delineated in part IV of the Indian constitution upholds the notion of an active welfare state which could intervene in the social, religious, and cultural affairs of the country in order to ensure progress. Indian federalism is of a mixed type in which states and the centre effectively wield power distinct areas. However, the centre has supreme power in many areas including the power to dismiss the elected governments at the state level in terms of article 356. For Basu (1994), although the federal system is the basic structure of the government of the country, a strong mixture of unitary bias is apparent. The Panchayati Raj system is a unique characteristic of Indian polity. Kashyap (2002) is the view that â€Å"the seventy-third and seventy-fourth constitutional amendments have made some fundamental changes in our political structure and in the status of local institutions†. Thereafter, governance has been considerably decentralised through panchayats and other institutions of local governance. Although India has a strong economy and an young, vibrant work force, it is still long behind in terms of human development. Health remains an unresolved issue, over half of the children in the country are malnourished. One third of the population still faces chronic hunger. Majority of the population lives with less than a dollar per day. In literacy rate, India is even behind some of the poverty-ridden sub-Saharan countries. And, the gender and regional gap in terms of

Platos Apology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Platos Apology - Assignment Example Chaerephon, Socrates’ loyal friend went to the oracle and inquired the god Apollo if there was anyone wiser than Socrates; the Oracle’s answer was none. Socrates took this as a riddle and wanted to solve the paradox that an ignorant could be the wisest. And so this was his divine mission in light of the Oracle of Delphi’s pronouncement. The Socratic Method or the Elenchus is a Socratic technique of exposing false beliefs and eliciting the truth. It is a discussion or dialogue as a method of intellectual investigation (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary). It typically involves two speakers discussing a central issue by a series of questions, one leading the discussion and the other answering the questions or agreeing to certain assumptions laid before him for his acceptance or rejection. The best way to win in the discussion or debate is to make the opponent contradict himself in a way that proves the point of the inquirer. In the dialogue Euthyphro, this method is manifested in the main part of the dialogue which is the argument of the definition of piety. Here Socrates asks Euthyphro to put forth a definition of piety which Socrates rejected because it was not a definition but an example of piety. The second definition by Euthyphro was criticized by Socrates. The third definition by Euthyphro was an amendment from the second. Here Socrates made Euthyphro contradict himself without him realizing. Socrates often used the Elenchus in bringing out insufficiencies and contradictions of the opinion of others.

UK DMS Military Amputee Rehabilitation Strategy

UK DMS Military Amputee Rehabilitation Strategy Introduction The previous chapter provided information regarding the context and background to the study, the research aim and objectives, the statement of the problem, the scope and limitations of the study, and the study structure. Globally, the availability of rehabilitative staff and for that matter health workers in general has become a cause for concern. WHO (2006) commented that the world faces a shortage of 4.2 million health workers. Experts have warned that the number of health workers being trained domestically in many countries is threatened by the strain on public finances inflicted by the ongoing economic crisis. The EU could face a shortage of 1 million health professionals by 2020 or 2 million if long-term care and auxiliary professions are also taken into account (Jensen, 2013). To combat these shortages, the UK and USA recruit staff on an industrial and international scale (Eckenwiler, 2009). This chapter will review the UK DMS military amputee rehabilitation strategy. Comparing the UK with US, it will review the global rehabilitation situation, discussing a number of issues affecting service provision, and rehabilitation staff availability. Additionally, the chapter will review some of the current evidence supporting the impact relocation has on the retention of civilian rehabilitation staff, and review perspectives underlying staffs willingness to stay with health organisations. UK Military Rehabilitation Strategy The principal aim of the UK DMS Rehabilitation Strategy (the Defence Military Rehabilitation Programme) is to return service personnel to operational levels of fitness as soon as possible the fitter quicker principle. Where this is not achievable e.g. military amputee patients the aim is to attain the maximal level of physical, psychological and social health possible (MOD, 2010, p.1). The Defence Military Rehabilitation Strategy (the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Programme) currently encompasses two distinct capabilities; the DMRC (Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre) and the DMRS (Defence Medical Rehabilitation Service). The DMRC is the foremost Defence rehabilitation centre where service personnel can receive rehabilitation for neurological, complex trauma (polytrauma) or force generation musculoskeletal conditions. The DMRS (MOD, 2016) is provided through a tiered network of rehabilitation facilities including 152 Primary Care Rehabilitation Facilities (PCRF) and 15 Regional Rehabilitation Units (RRU) across the UK and Germany. The PCRFs are Unit/Station based rehabilitation departments offering physiotherapy and exercise therapy on an outpatient basis. Patients with injuries that cannot be resolved at this level are referred to RRUs who provide rapid access to imaging services, podiatry and residential rehabilitation. The Defence Military Rehabilitation Programme is also supported by PRCs (Personnel Recovery Centres). They are residential facilities situated in or near garrisons and are available to all members of the Armed Forces during their recovery from sickness or injury. They aim to assist personnel back to either military service or a second career in a civilian occupation. US Military Rehabilitation Strategy United States Military Rehabilitation Strategy recognised the need for an overhaul of rehabilitation services during the War in Afghanistan. Seven years after US troops entered the Afghanistan conflict, Congress passed the Defence Authorization Act of 2008, which reflected legal and healthcare workers concerns about the quality and availability of medical care services (Lister, Panangala, and Scott, 2008). Accordingly, todays casualties receive an effective and expansive set of rehabilitative services that are akin to those seen in the in the United Kingdom. US rehabilitative care is provided by Tricare (a health care program of the United States Department of Defense Military Health System) and the Veterans Association (VA)2. Global Rehabilitation Issues Amputee Services Amputee rehabilitation services in high income countries are usually centrally funded and provide effective support. Amputee rehabilitation in low and middle income countries depends on their nations stage of development. In areas beset by war (for example Cambodia, Vietnam, Angola, Mozambique and Uganda), the greatest number of amputations (Staats, 1996) results from conflict and landmine explosions. As war drags on, the number of amputees increases and becomes an economic burden. In some countries the number of amputees is so great it is considered an ecological as well as economic disaster; this is the amputee volume imperative. In these regions amputee rehabilitation in any form is a luxury, if it is available at all. Global Rehabilitation Issues Population Effects When delivered at its best, rehabilitation provides people with the tools they need to attain maximal health, function, independence and self-determination (WHO, 2002). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank estimate that people with disabilities constitute at least 15% of the worlds population, with the majority in low and middle-income countries (WHO, 2011; Pryor and Boggs, 2012). Despite the continued increase in rehabilitation cases worldwide, prioritizing and monitoring of progress to improve health services for people with disabilities remains inadequate (Tomlinson et al., 2009). International evidence shows that people with disabilities have many unmet health and rehabilitation needs, face barriers in accessing mainstream health-care services, and consequently have poor health. With an ever-increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic disabling non-communicable diseases (Boutayeb and Boutayeb, 2005) and a global health refocus on reducing mortality, the world is experiencing a growing demand for rehabilitation services. Generally however, physical and functional rehabilitation is not emphasized in global health discourse (Pryor and Boggs, 2012), despite many recent documents, including various national and international policy instruments and the World Report on Disability (2011) that stressed that physical rehabilitation services are a necessary element of a comprehensive system. The WHO Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021 (2015) includes the strengthening of rehabilitation services as a key objective. To achieve this objective, it provides capacity building actions (to meet this objective) for member states, national and international partners. Currently however, rehabilitation services, particularly in low and middle-income countries, do not have t he capacity to adequately address the needs of their populations. Global Rehabilitation Issues Finance and Resources UK and US military rehabilitation strategies are able to provide tiered and specialist services as they are centrally funded. Specialised amputee services in high income countries can also attract charitable donations in order to achieve the best care solution. Where rehabilitation is adequately financed, national rehabilitation strategies (NRH, 2009) dictate that care should be delivered from 3 perspectives: general rehabilitation; specialist rehabilitation; and a complex specialised rehabilitation service (C-SRS). In high income countries (UK, US, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden) rehabilitation is integrated in health care and financed under the national health system (Lilja et al., 2009; WHO, 2004). In other countries responsibilities are divided between different ministries. This stymies rehabilitation services at regional and local level; they are often poorly coordinated and not integrated into the overall system (OECD, 2008). The cost of rehabilitation can be a barrier for people with disabilities in high-income as well as low-income countries. Rehabilitation is problematic even where central funding from government, insurers, or NGOs is available, as it may not cover enough of the costs to make it affordable (Bijelow et al., 2004). Deficits in the New Zealand rehabilitation infrastructure and workforce already severely compromise access to and provision of rehabilitation services (New Zealand Rehabilitation Association, 2014). Australia (the sixth largest country in the world) is a high-income country, ranked 19th in terms of per capita GDP. The development of health services in Australia has mainly been focused on metropolitan and regional areas, with both on-site and outreach locations. A review of 30 years of development in rehabilitation, clinical services, and education reforms in Victoria (Pryor and Boggs, 2012), indicates that progress has been indifferent with mistakes, dead ends and successes al ong the way. Financing strategies can improve the provision, access, and coverage of rehabilitation services, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Whilst it can be assumed that any new strategy should be carefully evaluated for its applicability and cost-effectiveness before being implemented, the reality is that rapid implementation negates strategic review. In low and middle income countries, physical and functional rehabilitation is particularly challenging, given human resource shortages and inadequate funding of health care. In these situations, rehabilitation services have evolved in unique ways. They are often strongly linked to humanitarian responses and wider disability actions, and are less connected with mainstream health care than in other settings. Aid agencies from Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States have supported such activities (Dolea, 2010). The rehabilitation sector is frequently disconnected from the health sector and is closely linked with poverty reduction strategies. Limited resources and health infrastructure in developing countries, and in rural and remote communities in developed countries, can reduce access to rehabilitation and quality of services (World Bank, 2009). In a survey of the reasons for not using health facilities in two Indian states, 52.3% of respondents indicated that no healthcare facility in the area was available (World Bank, 2009). Other countries lack rehabilitation services that have proven effective at reducing long-term costs, such as early intervention for children under the age of five (Stucki et al., 2005; Rimmer, 2006; Storbeck and Pittman, 2008). A study of users of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) in Ghana, Guyana, and Nepal showed limited impact on physical well-being because CBR workers had difficulties providing physical rehabilitation (Stucki et al., 2005). A 2005 global surv ey (SNCDD, 2006) of the implementation of the nonbinding, United Nations Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities found that: in 48 of 114 (42%) countries that responded to the survey, rehabilitation policies were not adopted; in 57 (50%) countries legislation on rehabilitation for people with disabilities was not passed; in 46 (40%) countries rehabilitation programmes were not established. Spending on rehabilitation services is difficult to determine because it generally is not disaggregated from other health care expenditure. Many countries particularly low and middle income countries struggle to finance rehabilitation, but rehabilitation is a good investment because it builds human capital (Haig et al., 2009). Health care funding often provides selective coverage for rehabilitation services, for example, by restricting the number or type of assistive devices, the number of therapy visits over a specific time, or the maximum cost (Dejong, Palsbo, and Beatty, 2002), in order to control cost. Governments in 41 of 114 countries did not provide funding for assistive devices in 2005 (SNCDD, 2006). In Haiti, before the 2010 earthquake, an estimated three quarters of amputees received prosthetic management due to the lack of availability of services (Bijelow et al., 2004). Poor access to prosthetic services that were available was attributed partially to users being unable to pay (Bijelow et al., 2004). Rehabilitation national survey in India, found two thirds of the assistive technology users reported having paid for their devices themselves (World Bank, 2009). Whilst global strategy recognised the need for appropriate resourcing, very few countries recognised the impact of disability on income. People with disabilities have lower incomes and are often unemployed, so are less likely to be covered by employer-sponsored health plans or private voluntary health insurance. If they have limited finances and inadequate public health coverage, access to rehabilitation may also be limited, compromising activity and participation in society (Crowley, 2003). Global Rehabilitation Issues Availability of Services and Staff National rehabilitation strategies require competent professional staff in great numbers; the global availability however of qualified /experienced rehabilitation professionals is on the decline (Chen, 2006). Not only do the settings for rehabilitation vary greatly from country to country, the availability of rehabilitation services in different settings varies within and across nations and regions (WHO, 2004; Haig, 2007; Tinney et al., 2007; Buntin, 2007; Ottenbacher and Graham, 2007). Haig et al (2009) flippantly concluded that the chance of a person with a disability in sub-Saharan Africa meeting a physician with specialist skills is about the same as that for an Antarctic penguin. Continuous WHO research has revealed wide cross-national disparities in the supply of rehabilitation health professionals. Lower income countries tend to have the lowest densities with less than 0.5 workers per 10,000 inhabitants in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa but also in several across Asia (Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, India) and the Eastern Mediterranean (Iran, Yemen). Many high income countries including Finland, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada have workforce densities several times higher (De Savigny and Adam, 2009). This finding is not surprising: large differences across countries and critical shortages of highly skilled professionals in low-income countries have been well documented (Chen, 2006). Building a cadre of trained amputee rehabilitation personnel is a goal of many organisations and governments. Dunleavy (2007) suggests that the quality of the rehabilitation workforce in low-income countries is both disturbing and dangerous. A recent comprehensive survey of rehabilitation in Ghana identified no rehabilitation doctor or occupational therapist in the country, resulting in very limited access to therapy and assistive technologies (Tinney, 2007). An extensive survey of rehabilitation doctors in sub-Saharan Africa identified only six, all in South Africa, for more than 780 million people, while Europe has more than 10 000 and the United States more than 7000 (Haig et al., 2009). Discrepancies are also large for other rehabilitation professions (Saxena et al., 2007). Many developing countries do not have educational programmes for rehabilitation professionals. According to the 2005 global survey, 37 countries had not taken action to train rehabilitation personnel and 56 had not updated medical knowledge of health-care providers on disability (SNCDD, 2006). Despite a huge need for rehabilitation services in both urban and rural Cambodia, for example, hospitals could not afford to hire rehabilitation professionals (Dunleavy, 2007). Global Rehabilitation Issues Communication and Strategy Inadequate health information systems and communication strategies can contribute to low rates of participation in rehabilitation. Barriers to rehabilitation include poor communication across the health care sector and between providers (notably between primary and secondary care), inconsistent and insufficient data collection processes, multiple clinical information systems, and incompatible technologies (DiGiacomo, 2010). Poor communication can result in ineffective coordination of responsibilities among providers (Kroll and Neri, 2003). Complex referral systems can limit access. Where access to rehabilitation services is controlled by doctors (Dejong, Palsbo, and Beatty, 2002), medical rules or attitudes of primary physicians can obstruct individuals with disabilities from obtaining services (Hilberink, 2007). People are sometimes not referred, or inappropriately referred, or unnecessary medical consultations may increase their costs (Eldar, 2000; Holdsworth et al., 2006). The 200 5 global survey (SNCDD, 2006) of 114 countries, revealed 57 did not consult with families of persons with disabilities about design, implementation, and evaluation of rehabilitation programmes. This directly challenged McColl and Boyces supposition (2003) that the development, implementation, and monitoring of strategy and policy should always include users. A study of rehabilitation medicine related to physical impairments in five central and eastern European countries suggested that the lack of strategic planning for services had resulted in an uneven distribution of service capacity and infrastructure (Eldar et al., 2008). Strategy and planning needs to be based on analysis of the current situation, and consider the main aspects of rehabilitation provision leadership, financing, information, service delivery, products and technologies, and the rehabilitation workforce (De Savigny and Adam, 2009), defining priorities based on local need. Many countries have good legislation and related policies on rehabilitation, but the implementation of these policies, and the development and delivery of regional and local rehabilitation services, have lagged. Retention of Rehabilitation Staff Like other health staff, retaining rehabilitation professionals is affected by poor working conditions, safety concerns, poor management, conflict, inadequate training, lack of career development and continuing education opportunities (Crouch 2001; Tinney, 2007; Lehmann, Dieleman, and Martineau, 2008; Tran et al., 2008; Dolea, 2010). High income countries do not suffer from this scarcity, as their economies regularly attract healthcare workers from low-income countries (Landry, Rickets, and Verrier, 2007; Mock et al., 2007; Lehmann, Dieleman, and Martineau, 2008; Willis-Shattuck, 2008; Magnusson and Ramstrand, 2009). Retaining professional workers is especially important as professional workers may have stronger professional than organisational identification reasons for staying (Robertson and Hammersley, 2000). Retention can prove difficult however as turnover tends to be growing rapidly across many industries (Si, Wei and Li, 2008). More importantly, when employees leave they take their know-how with them and thus an organisation risks a potential loss of experience and expertise (Walker, 2001; Frank, Finnegan and Taylor, 2004). Employers invest a lot in recruiting and selecting employees and then invest even more in training and developing them over time. The development of these assets is an important task for human-resource managers (Sutherland, Torricelli, Karg, 2002). Moncarz, Zhao and Kay (2009) found that professional growth is an important retention factor and that in organisations where employees receive the proper training needed to assume greater responsibilities, turnover rates are generally lower (p. 441). Why Staff Stay With Organisations The learning and development of employees is an important retention-supporting strategy (Horwitz, Heng, and Quazi, 2003; Kyndt et al., 2009). Tymon, Stumpf and Smith (2011) note how retaining the best professional talent is of great practical significance to organisations as it eliminates the recruiting, selection and on-boarding costs of their replacement, maintains continuity in their areas of expertise, and supports a culture in which merit can be rewarded (p. 293). Advancement opportunities appear to motivate high-performer retention more so than other employees (Hausknecht, Rodda, and Howard, 2009). The role of management as a key factor in the retention of professional workers has been cited by several studies. Andrews and Wan (2009) link improved nurse retention to manager behaviour (p. 342) and Snyder and Lopez (2002) emphasize the role of leaders in an organisation in encouraging the talent of the organisation to stay. Research has shown that as long as employees feel that they are learning and growing, they will be less inclined to leave. On the other hand, once employees feel they are no longer growing, they begin to look externally for new job opportunities (Rodriguez, 2008). Factors influencing retention appear to be the existence of challenging and meaningful work, opportunities for advancement, positive relationships with colleagues, empowerment, responsibility, recognition of capabilities and performance contributions, rewards, good work-life balance, good communication within the organisation, managerial integrity and quality, and new opportunities/challenges (Arnold 2005; Herman 2005; Pitts, Marvel, and Fernandez, 2011; Allen and Shanock, 2013). The role of management as a key factor in the retention of professional workers has been cited by several studies. Andrews and Wan (2009) link improved nurse retention to manager behaviour (p. 342) and Snyder and Lopez (2002) emphasize the role of leaders in an organisation in encouraging the talent of the organisation to stay. There appears to be two aspects of management that are particularly important in retention these being the adoption of an appropriate style of leadership (Spence Laschinger et al., 2009) and perceived management support (Paillà ©, 2013). Since learning and development opportunities appear crucial for the retention of talented employees (Arnold, 2005; Echols, 2007; Rodriguez, 2008; Kroon and Freese, 2013) an organisation must establish a supportive learning and working climate. This makes development and learning critical for attracting and retaining employees, because talented people are inclined to leave if they feel they are not growing and stretching (Michaels, Handfield-Jones, and Axelrod, 2001, p. 14). Relocation and Strategy Relocation is among one of the most radical strategic decisions a firm can make (Isabella 1990). Relocation is essentially a form of organisational change, which, in its simplest form, can be defined as a difference between new and old settings (Weber and Manning, 2001, p. 229). Even when completed within the same vicinity, it is a complex and unsystematic process involving several stakeholders, phases and decisions (OMara, 1999). Whilst relocation can be perceptualised as a golden opportunity, with organisations using change as a catalyst to introduce elements of organisational change (Inalhan, 2009), it can have a significant impact on real estate costs, productivity, efficiency, workforce satisfaction, and meeting the overall business objectives (Morgan and Anthony, 2008; Christersson and Rothe, 2013). For employees, the combination of workplace redesign and relocation can be challenging. Not only are they facing a change in their workspace, they also lose the organisational patte rns and roles that were a part of the old premises (Milligan, 2003). Additionally, the way the change is delivered can also impact on how the change is received (Bull and Brown, 2011; Vischer, 2011). At an organisational level, many positive effects of relocation have been identified; positive changes in employee behaviour: enhanced employee satisfaction and productivity: improved decision-making, collaboration and cross-selling: improved retention and recruitment: reduced churn costs: and positive client feedback (Morgan and Anthony, 2008). On the other hand, relocation can also be risk-laden (Rasila and Nenonen, 2008). People form emotional links to physical environments, called place attachment (Milligan, 2003; Inalhan, 2009), and a relocation inevitably causes a disruption in this relationship to the old premises with some employees experiencing loss and grieving (Inalhan, 2009) or even a form of organisational death (Milligan, 2003). Early employee involvement and empowerment to participate in decision-making should be a part of projects where workplace change is significant and a part of a cultural transformation. Effective managerial communication in an organisation helps to connect with employees, build positive relationships and frame attitudes and behaviours of employees in the workplace and numerous studies state that communication plays an important role in the change process (Elving, 2005; Hayes, 2007) and some even claim that employee communication can mean its success or failure (Barrett, 2002). Communication of the reason and impact of the workplace change is significant in influencing the participants to accept change, and it is suggested to be even more important than the frequency or amount of information supplied (Bull and Brown, 2011). Despite this, employee experiences of the relocation process have not been widely addressed, with the exception of needs and experiences of employees in long-distan ce relocations, where organisations move to a new geographical area and the employees will have to move to a new home to stay with the company (Rabianski, 2007). Studies conducted within a relocated setting, often focus on comparing employees experiences of the old office with the new one (Brennan, Chugh, and Kline, 2002; Brown et al., 2010), but do not give attention to how employees experience the change in location. Conclusion The current economic situation has severely impacted global rehabilitation services. In low and middle income countries, inadequate resourcing combined with an ineffectual health infrastructure and consistent neglect of rehabilitation services, leaves patients facing lifelong disability. Some countries are barely able to provide a single rehabilitation practitioner. Beset by the net effects of an ever increasing population, the increasing health burden will continue to destabilize and overwhelm the most basic rehabilitation services. Even affluent countries (UK and USA) struggle to retain or recruit personnel, depending on industrial-scale immigration of qualified rehabilitation staff from countries who can barely afford their release. Nations (and naturally organisations, the DMS and MOD) recognise the qualities an experienced workforce can deliver. With the prospect of relocation, retaining these workforces can be difficult. Thus, the availability and maintenance of personal and professional development are key retention strategies. Relocation however, can have diverse results. On the one hand it can result in positive changes in employee behaviour, enhanced employee satisfaction and productivity; on the other it can result in a significant impact on the workforce, leading to the loss of staff with a resulting shortfall in experience and expertise. Though there are a number of researchers that have investigated healthcare workers perspectives of relocation and retention, this literature review has revealed a lack of any available UK military associated research of its military or civilian staff. The next chapter will attempt to address the DMRC civilian rehabilitation workforces retention and relocation perspectives through a research methodology that will encompass a qualitative focus group and cross-sectional quantitative investigation.

Conditions and Effects of the Evolving Electronic Economy on Labor Essa

Conditions and Effects of the Evolving Electronic Economy on Labor â€Å"But I think what surprised me as much as anything was not to find any stores on Washington Street, or any banks on State. What have you done with the merchants and bankers? Hung them all, perhaps, as the anarchists wanted to do in my day?† â€Å"Not so bad as that,† replied Dr. Leete. â€Å"We have simply dispensed with them. Their functions are obsolete in the modern world.† (60) Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, 1887 Edward Bellamy’s futuristic conception of commerce in the 21st century unintentionally created a surprisingly accurate representation of the emerging electronic economy. The use of computer technology and the internet is allowing the creation of greater corporate profit margins at the expense of labor. There is a clear march towards â€Å"seamless† electronic transactions that removes many established forms of traditional marketing and employment that have existed for centuries. Funded by corporations, government, and ironically by consumers themselves, the evolving wireless economy promises to accelerate consumption at a blistering pace with little thought about the need for labor to have viable forms of income to sustain consumption. We are on the threshold of establishing global economic methods of manufacturing and distribution promoted by a capitalistic quest for profit that has not considered the far-reaching implications of dissolving existing methods of commerce or consequences of increased production. Capitalists have grandiose plans for increasing production and consumption at the expense of labor, but few plans for sustaining income for labor to support consumption. They have neglected to recognize or plan for the inherent flaws of capitalism that will have a tremendous effect on our future system of economy and society. At this time, we can only postulate theories about the outcome of our transformation to a digital, global economy. The indicators, however, predict a continuation of trends that do not portray favorable situations for labor or to support a cohesive society. In his book Looking Backward, Edward Bellamy astutely envisioned future methods of transactions that are increasingly becoming our reality, and his description of contrast between old and new world commerce could not have been more clear: â€Å"That must be a tremendous saving of handling,† I said. â€Å"... ... Atkinson, Robert. The New Economy Index, Understanding America’s Economic Transformation. Washington, D.C.: Progressive Policy Institute Technology, Innovation, and the New Economy Project, 1998 Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward 2000-1887. New York: Random House, 1982 Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital, The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1998 Byrnes, Nanette. Internet Anxiety: Part in envy, part in fear, Corporate America is embracing a radically new business model. Business Week. June 29, 1999 Fiore, Frank. e-Marketing Strategies. Indiana: Que Publishing Company, 2001 Hanson, Ward. Principles of Internet Marketing. Ohio: South Western College Publishing, 2000 Hoque, Faisal. e-Enterprise. Business Models, Architecture and Components. Cambridge: University Press, 2000. Press, Associated. Does Tax Plan Repeat History? Sonora: The Union Democrat, March 12, 2001 Rosner, Bob. Getting Laid Off Isn’t The End of the World. San Francisco Chronicle, March 11, 2001 Stricker, Frank. Causes of the Great Depression, or What Regan Doesn’t Know About the 1920s. Dominguez Hills: California State University, 2000

Mobile Phones a a health hazard Essay

These days the Technology is increasing so much that we all people are dependent on the machines which many engineers have made. These entire software machines are not always useful in your lives but on the other hand are dangerous and hazardous. The attraction towards all this things can be an addiction which will in future never be removed from our body. The mobile phones is one of the inventions. The students studying in schools are finding this gadget inseparable from them. A few schools are allowing the students to carry their mobile phones with them. I believe that this is not right. While the teachers in the schools are teaching, the students are busy on their phones and not giving attention about what their teacher is teaching. Excess usage of mobile phones can reduce our level of concentration and focus because of which we might not perform well in our exams. As this being a habit can never be given up and I can prove it with an example of my daily routine. I have been noticing this in my school and also in many other places that whenever people have gone on a holiday with their family so as to remove their tension and stress. But they are not able to as the whole time during their vacation also they are busy with their office work, or the regular social networking sites and applications. Vacation is meant to be relaxing with your family and friends instead of being on the screen the whole day. As I had said that mobile phones are sometimes dangerous and hazardous because they emit the radioactive waves which can effect on our brains and also cause us cancer. If we talk on phones two or three hours a day it will cause cancer which can be harmful to our health. But the most dangerous incident that happens because of mobile phones is while driving or crossing a road. As the government had made a rule that we all people are not allowed to talk on the phone while driving but most of the citizens do not follow this rule. There are many incidents on the Mumbai roads. There was a person talking on his phone while crossing the roads, and met with an accident and he came under a bus. The mobile phones could be our best friend and useful gadgets when we use it in need like Emergency or to pass on information about our whereabouts to our parents when we are late to reach home.

Sexual Education A Comprehensive Sex Education - 969 Words

Introduction Understanding the issues that come with sexual education in the classroom is the first step in being a comprehensive sex education advocate. To this day, we see classrooms in middle and high schools preaching about abstinence, shaming children and not being able to give proper, thorough, and informative resources and guidelines on how to approach healthy, body-positive, accessible information about sexual activity. The ideal image abstinence curriculum advocates are hoping for is all adolescents will not have sex prior to marriage, that there will be no STI’s flowing from person A to B, and that the risk of unplanned teen pregnancies will just disappear. The realistic comprehensive approach to sex education states that we are aware that no matter how many ‘do not have sex’ programs we fund and promote, there will always be the handful or more of the population who won’t follow through. Summaries Creating settings where anyone can open about their concerns about the risks of unplanned pregnancies are still there, as well as STIs, and other variables at play in sex education curriculum is a concern for comprehensive sex educators. One of the focuses is comfortability, practicing safe sex with people who give consent and that both parties involved are aware of what’s taking place. The insufficiency of diversity of sexualities and genders in sexual education is also promoting a focus on just heterosexism and heteronormativity. The outlandish standing that there isShow MoreRelatedSex Education And Comprehensive Sexual Education1609 Words   |  7 PagesLet s talk about sex. Stances on comprehensive sexual education vary, whether it be from religious beliefs or past experiences, different views are held throughout. It is in the interests of society in general... for every secondary school pupil to be in receipt of sexual education† (Cumper 16). 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